Last week, on October 30, Russia marked the annual Political Prisoners’ Day. In the same week the Memorial—Russia’s most respected human rights organisation, founded a quarter-century ago by Andrei Sakharov—published a list of 70 people it considers to be political prisoners.

Among the names included in the list are Mikhail Khodorkovsky and Platon Lebedev as well as all those imprisoned in the Yukos case, Bolotnaya Square case defendants, Greenpeace activists (both Russian citizens and foreigners) detained in the Pechora Sea following a protest against drilling for oil in the Arctic, and Nadezhda Tolokonnikova and Maria Alyokhina – members of the Pussy Riot punk band.

The list goes on and the leaders of the Memorial emphasise that the list of 70 is by no means exhaustive—there are more political prisoners in Russia, but the cases that have been included in the list have been carefully screened and verified using extensive evidence and stringent criteria.

The article by Vladimir Kara-Murza, Senior Policy Advisor and Editor-in-Chief of the Institute of Modern Russia, can be read here.

The full list of Russia’s political prisoners can be read below (in alphabetical order):

1. Afanasyev, Evgeny Vasilyevich, born on 24 July 1952 in Dno, Pskovskaya Oblast, Russia, Professor of the D.F. Ustinov Baltic State Technical University (“Voenmeh”). On 20 June 2012, he was convicted by the Saint-Petersburg City Court under Art. 275 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (“CC RF”) (“High Treason”) and sentenced to 12 years and 6 months of imprisonment in a strict-regime prison camp for having allegedly passed classified information concerning the “Bulava” class ballistic missile to China. In custody since 16 March 2010.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial.

2. Akhan, Gizem, citizen of Turkey, assistant chef of Arctic Sunrise;

charged under Art. 227 para. 3 CC RF (“Piracy Committed by an Organized Group with the Use of Objects Used as Weapons”) in the Arctic Sunrise case; presently held in a pre-trial detention center. According to some sources, there is a possibility of the charge being changed to the one under Art. 213 para. 2 CC RF (“Hooliganism Committed by a Group of Persons by Previous Conspiracy or by an Organized Group”). Was actually apprehended on 19 September 2013.

Recognized as a political prisoner because she is being prosecuted on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and her detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

3. Akimenkov, Vladimir Georgievich, born in 1987, Left Front activist, charged on 19 June 2012 under Art. 212 para. 2 CC RF (“Participation in Mass Riots”) in the “Bolotnaya case”. In custody since 10.07.2012. The case is currently pending before the Moscow Zamoskvoretsky Court. Recognized as a Prisoner of Conscience by Amnesty International.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted solely in connection with the non-violent use of his right to the freedom of assembly on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and his detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

4. Alekhina, Maria Vladimirovna, born in 1988, member of Pussy Riot, convicted under Art. 213 para. 2 CC RF (“Hooliganism Committed by a Group of Persons by Previous Conspiracy or by an Organized Group”) and sentenced to two years of imprisonment in a general-regime prison camp. In custody since 4.03.2012. Recognized as a Prisoner of Conscience by Amnesty International.

Recognized as a political prisoner because she is being prosecuted on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and her detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

5. Allakhverdov, Andrey, chief of press services of Greenpeace Russia; charged under Art. 227 para. 3 CC RF (“Piracy Committed by an Organized Group with the Use of Objects Used as Weapons”) in the Arctic Sunrise case; presently held in a pre-trial detention center. According to some sources, there is a possibility of the charge being changed to the one under Art. 213 para. 2 CC RF (“Hooliganism Committed by a Group of Persons by Previous Conspiracy or by an Organized Group”). Was actually apprehended on 19 September 2013.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and his detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

6. Ball, Phillip Edward, citizen of the United Kingdom, activist; charged under Art. 227 para. 3 CC RF (“Piracy Committed by an Organized Group with the Use of Objects Used as Weapons”) in the Arctic Sunrise case; presently held in a pre-trial detention center. According to some sources, there is a possibility of the charge being changed to the one under Art. 213 para. 2 CC RF (“Hooliganism Committed by a Group of Persons by Previous Conspiracy or by an Organized Group”). Was actually apprehended on 19 September 2013.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and his detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

7. Barabanov, Andrey Nikolayevich, born in 1990, graduate of the Moscow Mathematical College, officially unemployed, worked part-time as an artist; charged on 5 June 2012 under Art. 212 para. 2 CC RF (“Participation in Mass Riots”) and Art. 318 para. 1 CC RF (“Use of Violence not Endangering Life or Health against a Representative of the Authorities”) in the “Bolotnaya case”. In custody since 28 May 2012. The case is currently pending before the Moscow Zamoskvoretsky Court.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and his detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

8. Beauchamp, Jonathan David, citizen of New Zealand, boat engineer of Arctic Sunrise; charged under Art. 227 para. 3 CC RF (“Piracy Committed by an Organized Group with the Use of Objects Used as Weapons”) in the Arctic Sunrise case; presently held in a pre-trial detention center. According to some sources, there is a possibility of the charge being changed to the one under Art. 213 para. 2 CC RF (“Hooliganism Committed by a Group of Persons by Previous Conspiracy or by an Organized Group”). Was actually apprehended on 19 September 2013.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and his detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

9. Belousov, Yaroslav Gennadievich, born in 1991, fourth year student at the Political Science Faculty of the Moscow State University, married, activist of the national-democratic movement “Russian Civil Union”; charged on 19 June 2012 under Art. 212 para. 2 CC RF (“Participation in Mass Riots”) and Art. 318 para. 1 CC RF (“Use of Violence not Endangering Life or Health against a Representative of the Authorities”) in the “Bolotnaya case”. In custody since 28 May 2012. The case is currently pending before the Moscow Zamoskvoretsky Court.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted solely in connection with the non-violent use of his right to the freedom of assembly on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and his detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

10. Berezyuk, Igor Anatolyevich, citizen of the Republic of Belarus and a member of the unregistered party The Other Russia. In October 2011, he was convicted under Art. 282 CC RF (“Incitement of Hatred or Enmity, or Abasement of Human Dignity”); Art. 318 para. 2 CC RF (“Use of Violence Endangering Life or Health against an On-Duty Representative of the Authorities”); and Art. 212 para. 3 CC RF (“Calls for Active Non-Compliance with Lawful Demands of Representatives of the Authorities or to Mass Riots or Calls for Violence against Civilians”) and sentenced to five years and two months of imprisonment in a general-regime prison camp in connection with the events that took place on Manezhnaya Square in Moscow in December 2010. In custody since 30 January 2011.

Recognized as a political prisoner due to the selective prosecution in violation of the right to a fair trial.

11. Bobyshev, Svyatoslav Vasilyevich, born on 9 August 1953 in Poronaysk, Sakhalinskaya Oblast, Professor of the D.F. Ustinov Baltic State Technical University (“Voenmeh”). On 20 June 2012, he was convicted by the Saint-Petersburg City Court under Art. 275 CC RF (“High Treason”) and sentenced to 12 years of imprisonment in a strict-regime prison camp for having allegedly passed classified information concerning the “Bulava” class ballistic missile to China. In custody since 16 March 2010.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial.

12. Bryan, Kieron John, citizen of the United Kingdom, freelance videographer; charged under Art. 227 para. 3 CC RF (“Piracy Committed by an Organized Group with the Use of Objects Used as Weapons”) in the Arctic Sunrise case; presently held in a pre-trial detention center. According to some sources, there is a possibility of the charge being changed to the one under Art. 213 para. 2 CC RF (“Hooliganism Committed by a Group of Persons by Previous Conspiracy or by an Organized Group”). Was actually apprehended on 19 September 2013.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted solely in connection with the non-violent use of his right to the freedom of obtaining and spreading of information on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and her detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

13. Cherepovsky, Sergei Olegovich, born on 23 November 1991 in Novocherkassk, Rostov Oblast, commodity expert and activist of The Other Russia. Charged under Art. 318 para. 1 CC RF (“Use of Violence not Endangering Life or Health against a Representative of the Authorities”). In the pre-trial detention facility in the city of Tver since 3 May 2013. In custody since 1 May 2013.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted in violation of the right to a fair trial, and his detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

14. D’Alessandro, Cristian, citizen of Italy, member of the Arctic Sunrise crew; charged under Art. 227 para. 3 CC RF (“Piracy Committed by an Organized Group with the Use of Objects Used as Weapons”) in the Arctic Sunrise case; presently held in a pre-trial detention center. According to some sources, there is a possibility of the charge being changed to the one under Art. 213 para. 2 CC RF (“Hooliganism Committed by a Group of Persons by Previous Conspiracy or by an Organized Group”). Was actually apprehended on 19 September 2013.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and his detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

15. Dolgov, Roman, employee of the Greenpeace Russia arctic program; charged under Art. 227 para. 3 CC RF (“Piracy Committed by an Organized Group with the Use of Objects Used as Weapons”) in the Arctic Sunrise case; presently held in a pre-trial detention center. According to some sources, there is a possibility of the charge being changed to the one under Art. 213 para. 2 CC RF (“Hooliganism Committed by a Group of Persons by Previous Conspiracy or by an Organized Group”). Was actually apprehended on 19 September 2013.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and his detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

16. Dukhanina (Naumova), Aleksandra Ivanovna, born in 1994, anarchist, defender of the “Tzagov” forest; charged on 4 June 2012 under Art. 212 para. 2 CC RF (“Participation in Mass Riots”) and Art. 318 para. 1 CC RF (“Use of Violence not Endangering Life or Health against a Representative of the Authorities”) in the “Bolotnaya case”. Apprehended on 27 May 2012, is currently under house arrest. The case is currently pending before the Moscow Zamoskvoretsky Court.

Recognized as a political prisoner because she is being prosecuted solely in connection with the non-violent use of her right to the freedom of assembly on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and her detention is disproportionate to the imputed act

17. Dziemianczuk, Tomasz, citizen of Poland, activist; charged under Art. 227 para. 3 CC RF (“Piracy Committed by an Organized Group with the Use of Objects Used as Weapons”) in the Arctic Sunrise case; presently held in a pre-trial detention center. According to some sources, there is a possibility of the charge being changed to the one under Art. 213 para. 2 CC RF (“Hooliganism Committed by a Group of Persons by Previous Conspiracy or by an Organized Group”). Was actually apprehended on 19 September 2013.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and his detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

18. Gaskarov, Aleksey Vladimirovich, born in 1985, employee of a consulting firm, anarchist and anti-fascist, member of the Russian Opposition Coordination Council; charged on 29 April 2013 under Art. 212 para. 2 CC RF (“Participation in Mass Riots”) and Art. 318 para. 1 CC RF (“Use of Violence not Endangering Life or Health against a Representative of the Authorities”) in the “Bolotnaya case”. In custody since 28 April 2013.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted solely in connection with the non-violent use of his right to the freedom of assembly on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and his detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

19. Gumarov, Ravil Shafievich, born in 1962, Muslim; sentenced in 2006 to nine years of imprisonment under Art. 205 CC RF (“Terrorism”) and Art. 222 CC RF (“Possession of Weapons and Ammunition”) in a falsified case of alleged involvement in a bombing of local gas pipes in the town of Bugulma, Russia, causing neither injuries nor destruction of property. Originally apprehended on 1 April 2005. During the first trial, was acquitted by the jury; the verdict was repealed by the RF Supreme Court.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted in violation of the right to a fair trial.

20. Gushchin, Ilya Vladimirovich, born in 1988, at the time of arrest was temporarily unemployed, member of the National Democratic Party; charged on 5 February 2013 under Art. 212 para. 2 (“Participation in Mass Riots”) and Art. 318 para. 1 CC RF (“Use of Violence not Endangering Life or Health against a Representative of the Authorities”) in the “Bolotnaya case”. In custody since 6 February 2013.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted solely in connection with the non-violent use of his right to the freedom of assembly on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and his detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

21. Harris, Alexandra Heizel, UK citizen, chief communications officer of Arctic Sunrise; charged under Art. 227 para. 3 CC RF (“Piracy Committed by an Organized Group with the Use of Objects Used as Weapons”) in the Arctic Sunrise case; presently held in a pre-trial detention center. According to some sources, there is a possibility of the charge being changed to the one under Art. 213 para. 2 CC RF (“Hooliganism Committed by a Group of Persons by Previous Conspiracy or by an Organized Group”). Was actually apprehended on 19 September 2013.

Recognized as a political prisoner because she is being prosecuted on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and her detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

22. Haussmann, David John, citizen of New Zealand, electrician; charged under Art. 227 para. 3 CC RF (“Piracy Committed by an Organized Group with the Use of Objects Used as Weapons”) in the Arctic Sunrise case; presently held in a pre-trial detention center. According to some sources, there is a possibility of the charge being changed to the one under Art. 213 para. 2 CC RF (“Hooliganism Committed by a Group of Persons by Previous Conspiracy or by an Organized Group”). Was actually apprehended on 19 September 2013.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and his detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

23. Hewetson, Francis Patrick Michael, UK citizen, logistics coordinator; charged under Art. 227 para. 3 CC RF (“Piracy Committed by an Organized Group with the Use of Objects Used as Weapons”) in the Arctic Sunrise case; presently held in a pre-trial detention center. According to some sources, there is a possibility of the charge being changed to the one under Art. 213 para. 2 CC RF (“Hooliganism Committed by a Group of Persons by Previous Conspiracy or by an Organized Group”). Was actually apprehended on 19 September 2013.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and his detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

24. Ishmuratov, Timur Ravilevich, born in 1975, Muslim; sentenced in 2006 to eight years of imprisonment under Art. 205 CC RF (“Terrorism”) and Art. 222 CC RF (“Possession of Weapons and Ammunition”) in a falsified case of alleged involvement in a bombing of local gas pipes in the town of Bugulma, Russia, causing neither injuries nor destruction of property. Originally apprehended on 1 April 2005. During the first trial, was acquitted by the jury; the verdict was repealed by the RF Supreme Court.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted in violation of the right to a fair trial.

25. Jensen, Anne Mie Roer, citizen of Denmark, third mate on Arctic Sunrise; charged under Art. 227 para. 3 CC RF (“Piracy Committed by an Organized Group with the Use of Objects Used as Weapons”) in the Arctic Sunrise case; presently held in a pre-trial detention center. According to some sources, there is a possibility of the charge being changed to the one under Art. 213 para. 2 CC RF (“Hooliganism Committed by a Group of Persons by Previous Conspiracy or by an Organized Group”). Was actually apprehended on 19 September 2013.

Recognized as a political prisoner because she is being prosecuted on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and her detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

26. Kavkazskiy Nikolai Yuryevich, born in 1986, employee of the human rights organization Committee for Civil Rights, activist of the “Left Social Movement”; charged on 3 August 2012 under Art. 212 para. 2 CC RF (“Participation in Mass Riots”) in the “Bolotnaya case.” After more than a year of pre-trial detention – from 25 July 2012 to 2 August 2013 – he was transferred to house arrest. The case is currently pending before the Moscow Zamoskvoretsky Court.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted solely in connection with the non-violent use of his right to the freedom of assembly on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and his detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

27. Khamiev, Lors, Chechen, convicted under Art. 205 (“Terrorism”) and Art. 222 (“Possession of Weapons and Ammunition”) and sentenced to 8 years of imprisonment in a strict-regime prison camp based on falsified charges of an alleged attempt to assassinate Ramzan Kadyrov. In custody since 8 May 2007.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted in violation of the right to a fair trial.

28. Khodorkovsky, Mikhail Borisovich, born on 26 June 1963 in Moscow, former Chairman of the Yukos Management Board. In 2005, he was sentenced to 8 years of imprisonment on charges of pecuniary damage, fraud, non-compliance with a court judgment, tax evasion, and embezzlement. In 2010, in the second Yukos case he was sentenced to 14 years of imprisonment in a general-regime prison camp under Art. 160 CC RF (“Misappropriation or Embezzlement”) and Art. 174.1 CC RF (“Laundering of Proceeds of Crime”). Later, the sentence was reduced to ten years and ten months of imprisonment in a general-regime prison camp due to the softening of sentencing guidelines for the imputed offences. In custody since 25 October 2003. Recognized as a Prisoner of Conscience by Amnesty International.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial.

29. Khubaev, Ruslan Tamerlanovich, a member of the unregistered party The Other Russia. In October 2011, he was convicted under Art. 212 para. 3 CC RF (“Calls for Mass Riots”), Art. 213 (“Hooliganism”), and Art. 282 CC RF (“Incitement of Hatred or Enmity”) and sentenced to 4.5 years of imprisonment in a strict-regime prison camp in connection with the events that took place on Manezhnaya Square in Moscow in December 2010. In custody since 23 March 2011.

Recognized as a political prisoner due to the selective prosecution in violation of the right to a fair trial.

30. Konstantinov, Daniil Ilyich, leader of the movement League for the Defense of Moscow; charged under Art. 105 para. 1 CC RF (“Murder”) in connection with an alleged domestic killing on December 3, 2011. Currently held in a pre-trial detention center, likely on a fabricated charge. In custody since 22 March 2012. The case is currently pending before the Moscow Chertanovsky Court.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted on the basis of a charge with an offence committed by another person in violation of the right to a fair trial.

31. Kosenko, Mikhail Aleksandrovich, born in 1975, has type II disability based on a psychiatric condition; charged on 18 June 2012 under Art. 212 para. 2 CC RF (“Participation in Mass Riots”) and Art. 318 para. 1 CC RF (“Use of Violence not Endangering Life or Health against a Representative of the Authorities”) in the “Bolotnaya case.” In custody since 8 June 2012. Recognized as a Prisoner of Conscience by Amnesty International.

On 8 October 2013, Judge Ludmina Moskalenko of the Zamoskvoretsky Court ordered him to undergo involuntary treatment at a general in-patient psychiatric facility.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted solely in connection with the non-violent use of his right to the freedom of assembly on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and his detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

32. Kovyazin, Leonid Nikolayevich, born in 1986, freelance correspondent of Vyatskiy Nabludatel; charged on 6 September 2012 under Art. 212 para. 2 CC RF (“Participation in Mass Riots”) in the “Bolotnaya case.” In custody since 5 September 2012. The case is currently pending before the Moscow Zamoskvoretsky Court.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted solely in connection with the non-violent use of his right to the freedom of assembly on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and his detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

33. Krivov, Sergei Vladimirovich, born in 1961, PhD in Technology, member of the party “RPR-PARNAS”; charged on 19 October 2012 under Art. 212 para. 2 CC RF (“Participation in Mass Riots”) and Art. 318 para. 1 CC RF (“Use of Violence not Endangering Life or Health against a Representative of the Authorities”) in the “Bolotnaya case.” In custody since 18 October 2012. The case is currently pending before the Moscow Zamoskvoretsky Court.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted solely in connection with the non-violent use of his right to the freedom of assembly on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and his detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

34. Lebedev, Konstantin Vladimirovich, born in 1979, left activist; after the screening of an NTV propaganda film called “The Anatomy of Protest-2” he was convicted under Art. 30 para. 1 CC RF in conjunction with Art. 212 para. 1 CC RF (“Preparation for Organization of Mass Riots”) and Art. 212 para. 1 CC RF (“Organization of Mass Riots”). Sentenced to 2 years and 6 months of imprisonment in a general-regime prison camp. Pled guilty. In custody since 17 October 2012. Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and his detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

35. Lebedev, Platon Leonidovich, born on 29 November 1959 in Moscow, chairman of the Board of Directors of Group MENATEP. In 2005, he was sentenced to 8 years of imprisonment on charges of pecuniary damage, fraud, non-compliance with a court judgment, and tax evasion. In 2010, in the second Yukos case he was sentenced to 14 years of imprisonment in a general-regime prison camp under Art. 160 CC RF (“Misappropriation or Embezzlement”) and Art. 174.1 CC RF (“Laundering of Proceeds of Crime”). Later, the sentence was reduced to ten years and eight months of imprisonment in a general-regime prison camp due to the softening of sentencing guidelines for the imputed offences. In custody since 2 June 2003. Recognized as a Prisoner of Conscience by Amnesty International. Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial.

36. Litvinov, Dima, citizen of Sweden, environmentalist; charged under Art. 227 para. 3 CC RF (“Piracy Committed by an Organized Group with the Use of Objects Used as Weapons”) in the Arctic Sunrise case; presently held in a pre-trial detention center. According to some sources, there is a possibility of the charge being changed to the one under Art. 213 para. 2 CC RF (“Hooliganism Committed by a Group of Persons by Previous Conspiracy or by an Organized Group”). Was actually apprehended on 19 September 2013.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and his detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

37. Lutskevich, Denis Aleksandrovich, born in 1992, student of the Russian State University for Humanities, Assistant Dean for the Department of Cultural Studies; charged on 18 June 2012 under Art. 212 para. 2 CC RF (“Participation in Mass Riots”) and Art. 318 para. 1 CC RF (“Use of Violence not Endangering Life or Health against a Representative of the Authorities”) in the “Bolotnaya case.” In custody since 8 June 2012. The case is currently pending before the Moscow Zamoskvoretsky Court.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted solely in connection with the non-violent use of his right to the freedom of assembly on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and his detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

38. Maciel, Ana Paula Alminhana, citizen of Brazil, environmentalist; charged under Art. 227 para. 3 CC RF (“Piracy Committed by an Organized Group with the Use of Objects Used as Weapons”) in the Arctic Sunrise case; presently held in a pre-trial detention center. According to some sources, there is a possibility of the charge being changed to the one under Art. 213 para. 2 CC RF (“Hooliganism Committed by a Group of Persons by Previous Conspiracy or by an Organized Group”). Was actually apprehended on 19 September 2013.

Recognized as a political prisoner because she is being prosecuted on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and her detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

39. Margolin, Aleksandr Yevgeniyevich, born in 1971, deputy director of a publishing house; charged on 20 February 2013 under Art. 212 para. 2 CC RF (“Participation in Mass Riots”) and Art. 318 para. 1 CC RF (“Use of Violence not Endangering Life or Health against a Representative of the Authorities”) in the “Bolotnaya case.” In custody since 20 February 2013.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted solely in connection with the non-violent use of his right to the freedom of assembly on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and his detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

40. Matveyev, Igor Vladimirovich, born on 17 February 1974 in Mozdok, North Ossetian ASSR, former major of Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation; at the time of his arrest he serving in the Primorski Krai. Unjustly convicted on 9 September 2011 under Art. 286 para. 3(a) CC RF (“Abuse of Power Committed with the use of Violence or a Threat Thereof”) and sentenced to three years and six months of imprisonment with dishonorable discharge. Currently awaits trial on new charges under Art. 286 para. 3 CC RF and Art. 159 para. 3 CC FR (“Fraud Committed by a Person Through His Official Position”). In custody since May 2011.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial.

41. Osipova, Taisia Vitaliyevna, born on 26 August 1984, political activist with a permanent place of residence in Smolensk; victim of persecution by law enforcement authorities based on her membership in “The Other Russia”. On 29 December 2011, she was convicted by Judge E.N. Dvoryanchikov of the Smolensk Zadneprovski Court and sentenced to ten years of imprisonment under Art. 228.1 para. 3 CC RF (“Illegal Production, Sale or Transmission of Narcotic Substances on an Especially Large Scale”). On 15 February 2012, the verdict was repealed by the Smolensk Oblast Court, and the case was sent for a re-trial. On 28 August 2012, she was sentenced to eight years of imprisonment, despite the fact that the prosecutor requested four years. In custody since 23 November 2010.

Recognized as a political prisoner because she is being prosecuted in violation of the right to a fair trial.

42. Oulahsen, Faiza, citizen of the Netherlands, press-secretary of Greenpeace; charged under Art. 227 para. 3 CC RF (“Piracy Committed by an Organized Group with the Use of Objects Used as Weapons”) in the Arctic Sunrise case; presently held in a pre-trial detention center. According to some sources, there is a possibility of the charge being changed to the one under Art. 213 para. 2 CC RF (“Hooliganism Committed by a Group of Persons by Previous Conspiracy or by an Organized Group”). Was actually apprehended on 19 September 2013.

Recognized as a political prisoner because she is being prosecuted on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and her detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

43. Paul, Alexandre, citizen of Canada, boatswain of the ship Arctic Sunrise; charged under Art. 227 para. 3 CC RF (“Piracy Committed by an Organized Group with the Use of Objects Used as Weapons”) in the Arctic Sunrise case; presently held in a pre-trial detention center. According to some sources, there is a possibility of the charge being changed to the one under Art. 213 para. 2 CC RF (“Hooliganism Committed by a Group of Persons by Previous Conspiracy or by an Organized Group”). Was actually apprehended on 19 September 2013.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and his detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

44. Perez, Miguel Hernan, citizen of Argentina, second mate on Arctic Sunrise; charged under Art. 227 para. 3 CC RF (“Piracy Committed by an Organized Group with the Use of Objects Used as Weapons”) in the Arctic Sunrise case; presently held in a pre-trial detention center. According to some sources, there is a possibility of the charge being changed to the one under Art. 213 para. 2 CC RF (“Hooliganism Committed by a Group of Persons by Previous Conspiracy or by an Organized Group”). Was actually apprehended on 19 September 2013.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and his detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

45. Perrett, Anthony Iain, citizen of the United Kingdom, activist; charged under Art. 227 para. 3 CC RF (“Piracy Committed by an Organized Group with the Use of Objects Used as Weapons”) in the Arctic Sunrise case; presently held in a pre-trial detention center. According to some sources, there is a possibility of the charge being changed to the one under Art. 213 para. 2 CC RF (“Hooliganism Committed by a Group of Persons by Previous Conspiracy or by an Organized Group”). Was actually apprehended on 19 September 2013.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and his detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

46. Pichugin, Aleksei Vladimirovich, born in 1962, former head of the Department of Internal Economic Security of Yukos Oil Company. By two judgments, in 2005 and 2007, sentenced to life to be served in a special-regime prison camp under Art. 162 CC RF (“Robbery with Violence”) and Art. 105 CC RF (“Murder”). The investigation and trial were marked by numerous violations of due process and fair trial warranting the conclusion that Pichugin’s guilt was not proved and that the evidence underlying the judgments was falsified. In custody since 19 June 2003.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted in violation of the right to a fair trial.

47. Pisanu, Pierre Francesco, citizen of France, member of the Arctic Sunrise crew; charged under Art. 227 para. 3 CC RF (“Piracy Committed by an Organized Group with the Use of Objects Used as Weapons”) in the Arctic Sunrise case; presently held in a pre-trial detention center. According to some sources, there is a possibility of the charge being changed to the one under Art. 213 para. 2 CC RF (“Hooliganism Committed by a Group of Persons by Previous Conspiracy or by an Organized Group”). Was actually apprehended on 19 September 2013.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and his detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

48. Polikhovich, Aleksey Alekseyevich, born in 1990, student of the Russian State Social University; charged under Art. 212 para. 2 CC RF (“Participation in Mass Riots”) and Art. 318 para. 1 CC RF (“Use of Violence not Endangering Life or Health against a Representative of the Authorities”) in the “Bolotnaya case.” The charge under Art. 212 para. 2 CC RF was brought on 3 August 2012, while the charge under Art. 318 para. 1 CC RF was added on 21 December 2012 – the next day after Putin’s press conference. In custody since 25 July 2012. The case is currently pending before the Moscow Zamoskvoretsky Court.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted solely in connection with the non-violent use of his right to the freedom of assembly on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and his detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

49. Razvozzhaev, Leonid Mikhailovich, born on 12 June 1973, member of the Russian Opposition Coordination Council; after the screening of an NTV propaganda film called “The Anatomy of Protest-2” he was charged under Art. 30 para. 1 CC RF in conjunction with Art. 212 para. 1 CC RF (“Preparation for Organization of Mass Riots”) and Art. 212 para. 1 CC RF (“Organization of Mass Riots”). Currently held in a pre-trial detention centre. In custody since 19 September 2012, when he was abducted from the territory of Ukraine.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and his detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

50. Rogers, Christopher Iain, UK citizen, second engineer of Arctic Sunrise; charged under Art. 227 para. 3 CC RF (“Piracy Committed by an Organized Group with the Use of Objects Used as Weapons”) in the Arctic Sunrise case; presently held in a pre-trial detention center. According to some sources, there is a possibility of the charge being changed to the one under Art. 213 para. 2 CC RF (“Hooliganism Committed by a Group of Persons by Previous Conspiracy or by an Organized Group”). Was actually apprehended on 19 September 2013.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and his detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

51. Rukavishnikov, Dmitry Valeriyevich, born in 1977, deputy director of the municipal unitary enterprise “Novotalitskoe Predpriyatie Sotsialno-Bytovogo Obsluzhivaniya”, Left Front leader in Ivanovo Oblast; charged on 3 April 2013 under Art. 212 para. 2 CC RF (“Participation in Mass Riots”) in the “Bolotnaya case.” In custody since 2 April 2013.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted solely in connection with the non-violent use of his right to the freedom of assembly on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and his detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

52. Russell, Keith Colin, citizen of Australia, radio operator of Arctic Sunrise; charged under Art. 227 para. 3 CC RF (“Piracy Committed by an Organized Group with the Use of Objects Used as Weapons”) in the Arctic Sunrise case; presently held in a pre-trial detention center. According to some sources, there is a possibility of the charge being changed to the one under Art. 213 para. 2 CC RF (“Hooliganism Committed by a Group of Persons by Previous Conspiracy or by an Organized Group”). Was actually apprehended on 19 September 2013.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and his detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

53. Ruzycki, Paul Douglas, citizen of Canada, first mate on Arctic Sunrise; charged under Art. 227 para. 3 CC RF (“Piracy Committed by an Organized Group with the Use of Objects Used as Weapons”) in the Arctic Sunrise case; presently held in a pre-trial detention center. According to some sources, there is a possibility of the charge being changed to the one under Art. 213 para. 2 CC RF (“Hooliganism Committed by a Group of Persons by Previous Conspiracy or by an Organized Group”). Was actually apprehended on 19 September 2013.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and his detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

54. Saarela, Sini Annukka, citizen of Finland, activist; charged under Art. 227 para. 3 CC RF (“Piracy Committed by an Organized Group with the Use of Objects Used as Weapons”) in the Arctic Sunrise case; presently held in a pre-trial detention center. According to some sources, there is a possibility of the charge being changed to the one under Art. 213 para. 2 CC RF (“Hooliganism Committed by a Group of Persons by Previous Conspiracy or by an Organized Group”). Was actually apprehended on 19 September 2013.

Recognized as a political prisoner because she is being prosecuted on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and her detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

55. Savelov, Artem Viktorovich, born in 1979; charged on 19 June 2012 under Art. 212 para. 2 (“Participation in Mass Riots”) and Art. 318 para. 1 (“Use of Violence not Endangering Life or Health against a Representative of the Authorities”) CC RF in the “Bolotnaya case”. In custody since 9 June 2012. The case is currently pending before the Moscow Zamoskvoretsky Court. Recognized as a Prisoner of Conscience by Amnesty International.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted solely in connection with the non-violent use of his right to the freedom of assembly on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and his detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

56. Savva, Mikhail Valentinovich, born on 19 November 1964 in Krasnodar, director of grant programs of Krasnodar Appraisal Association “Southern Regional Resource Center,” vice chairman of Public Commission of Observers on the Krasnodar region, Honorary Professor of Kuban State University, Doctor of Political Science, Candidate of the Social Sciences. In a politically motivated case, he has been charged under Art. 159 para. 1 CC RF (“Fraud”) and Art. 159 para. 3 CC FR (“Fraud Committed While Receiving Payments, Through His Official Position, on a Large Scale”). In custody since 10 April 2013.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted in violation of the right to a fair trial, and his detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

57. Shaikhutdinov, Fanis Aglyamovich, born in 1965, Muslim; sentenced in 2006 to 10.5 years of imprisonment under Art. 205 CC RF (“Terrorism”) and Art. 222 CC RF (“Possession of Weapons and Ammunition”) in a falsified case of alleged involvement in a bombing of local gas pipes in the town of Bugulma, Russia, causing neither injuries nor destruction of property. Originally apprehended on 1 April 2005. During the first trial, was acquitted by the jury; the verdict was repealed by the RF Supreme Court.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted in violation of the right to a fair trial.

58. Shalina, Olga Leonidovna, born on 2 November 1983 in Podolsk, Moscow Oblast, permanently residing in Moscow, member of the unregistered party The Other Russia. In connection with the case involving self-defense near the Tagansky Court, she was convicted under Art. 213 para. 2 CC RF (“Hooliganism Committed by a Group of Persons by Previous Conspiracy or by an Organized Group”) and originally given a three-year suspended sentence with a four-year probation. On 23 December 2011, the court replaced the suspended sentence with a three-year imprisonment. Arrested on 27 April 2012 during the baptizing of her nephews in church.

Recognized as a political prisoner because she is being prosecuted in violation of the right to a fair trial, and her detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

59. Sinyakov, Denis, photographer; charged under Art. 227 para. 3 CC RF (“Piracy Committed by an Organized Group with the Use of Objects Used as Weapons”) in the Arctic Sunrise case; presently held in a pre-trial detention center. According to some sources, there is a possibility of the charge being changed to the one under Art. 213 para. 2 CC RF (“Hooliganism Committed by a Group of Persons by Previous Conspiracy or by an Organized Group”). Was actually apprehended on 19 September 2013.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and his detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

60. Speziale, Camila, citizen of Argentina, activist; charged under Art. 227 para. 3 CC RF (“Piracy Committed by an Organized Group with the Use of Objects Used as Weapons”) in the Arctic Sunrise case; presently held in a pre-trial detention center. According to some sources, there is a possibility of the charge being changed to the one under Art. 213 para. 2 CC RF (“Hooliganism Committed by a Group of Persons by Previous Conspiracy or by an Organized Group”). Was actually apprehended on 19 September 2013.

Recognized as a political prisoner because she is being prosecuted on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and her detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

61. Tolokonnikova, Nadezhda Andreevna, born in 1989, member of Pussy Riot; convicted under Art. 213 para. 2 CC RF (“Hooliganism Committed by a Group of Persons by Previous Conspiracy or by an Organized Group”) and sentenced to two years of imprisonment in a general-regime prison camp. In custody since 4 March 2012. Recognized as a Prisoner of Conscience by Amnesty International.

Recognized as a political prisoner because she is being prosecuted on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and her detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

62. Ubels, Mannes, citizen of the Netherlands, chief engineer of Arctic Sunrise; charged under Art. 227 para. 3 CC RF (“Piracy Committed by an Organized Group with the Use of Objects Used as Weapons”) in the Arctic Sunrise case; presently held in a pre-trial detention center. According to some sources, there is a possibility of the charge being changed to the one under Art. 213 para. 2 CC RF (“Hooliganism Committed by a Group of Persons by Previous Conspiracy or by an Organized Group”). Was actually apprehended on 19 September 2013.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and his detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

63. Udaltzov, Sergey Stanislavovich, born in 1977, member of the Russian Opposition Coordination Council, Left Front leader; after the screening of an NTV propaganda film called “The Anatomy of Protest-2” he was charged under Art. 30 para. 1 CC RF in conjunction with Art. 212 para. 1 CC RF (“Preparation for Organization of Mass Riots”) and Art. 212 para. 1 CC RF (“Organization of Mass Riots”). Under house arrest since 9 February 2013.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted solely in connection with the non-violent use of his right to the freedom of assembly on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and his detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

64. Unchuk, Kirill Vladimirovich, a member of the unregistered party The Other Russia. In October 2011, he was convicted under Art. 212 para. 3 CC RF (“Calls for Mass Riots”), Art. 213 (“Hooliganism”), and Art. 282 CC RF (“Incitement of Hatred or Enmity”) and sentenced to three years of imprisonment in a general-regime prison camp in connection with the events that took place on Manezhnaya Square in Moscow in December 2010. In custody since 23 March 2011.

Recognized as a political prisoner due to the selective prosecution in violation of the right to a fair trial.

65. Vizir, Sergei Andreyevich, chief economist of the Central Research Institute of Machine Building (TsNIIMash) – Export. Sentenced to 11 years of imprisonment in a strict-regime prison camp for illegal export of technology (Art. 189 para. 3 CC RF), contraband (Art. 188), laundering of proceeds of crime (Art. 174.1), and theft by way of embezzlement (Art. 160 para. 3 in conjuction with Art. 33 para. 3 CC RF). In custody since 2005. The possible motives of the persecution of Vizir and his colleagues are economic interests of his competitors and state “spy mania”. In custody since October 2005.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial.

66. Weber, Marco Paolo, citizen of Switzerland, activist; charged under Art. 227 para. 3 CC RF (“Piracy Committed by an Organized Group with the Use of Objects Used as Weapons”) in the Arctic Sunrise case; presently held in a pre-trial detention center. According to some sources, there is a possibility of the charge being changed to the one under Art. 213 para. 2 CC RF (“Hooliganism Committed by a Group of Persons by Previous Conspiracy or by an Organized Group”). Was actually apprehended on 19 September 2013.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and his detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

67. Willcox, Peter Henry, US citizen, captain of Arctic Sunrise; charged under Art. 227 para. 3 CC RF (“Piracy Committed by an Organized Group with the Use of Objects Used as Weapons”) in the Arctic Sunrise case; presently held in a pre-trial detention center. According to some sources, there is a possibility of the charge being changed to the one under Art. 213 para. 2 CC RF (“Hooliganism Committed by a Group of Persons by Previous Conspiracy or by an Organized Group”). Was actually apprehended on 19 September 2013.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and his detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

68. Yakushev, Andrey [sic], citizen of Ukraine, Chief Cook of Arctic Sunrise; charged under Art. 227 para. 3 CC RF (“Piracy Committed by an Organized Group with the Use of Objects Used as Weapons”) in the Arctic Sunrise case; presently held in a pre-trial detention center. According to some sources, there is a possibility of the charge being changed to the one under Art. 213 para. 2 CC RF (“Hooliganism Committed by a Group of Persons by Previous Conspiracy or by an Organized Group”). Was actually apprehended on 19 September 2013.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and his detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

69. Zaspa, Ekaterina, ship doctor on board of Arctic Sunrise; charged under Art. 227 para. 3 CC RF (“Piracy Committed by an Organized Group with the Use of Objects Used as Weapons”) in the Arctic Sunrise case; presently held in a pre-trial detention center. According to some sources, there is a possibility of the charge being changed to the one under Art. 213 para. 2 CC RF (“Hooliganism Committed by a Group of Persons by Previous Conspiracy or by an Organized Group”). Was actually apprehended on 19 September 2013.

Recognized as a political prisoner because she is being prosecuted on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and her detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.

70. Zimin, Stepan Yuryevich, born in 1992, fourth year student at the faculty of History, Political Science and Law of the Russian State University for Humanities, anarchist and anti-fascist; charged on 18 June 2012 under Art. 212 para. 2 CC RF (“Participation in Mass Riots”) and Art. 318 para. 1 CC RF (“Use of Violence not Endangering Life or Health against a Representative of the Authorities”) in the “Bolotnaya case.” In custody since 8 June 2012. The case is currently pending before the Moscow Zamoskvoretsky Court.

Recognized as a political prisoner because he is being prosecuted solely in connection with the non-violent use of his right to the freedom of assembly on the basis of a charge with an offence that has never been committed in violation of the right to a fair trial, and his detention is disproportionate to the imputed act.